This image explained, found in Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb:
- CBD and THCV are anti-epileptic, reduce seizures (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II indirectly causes reduction).
- CBD is anti-psychotic, reduces psychosis (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 direct action).
- CBD is a neuroprotectant, protects against or helps repair the damaging effects of a stroke or trauma (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II indirectly causes reduction; reactive oxygen species indirectly causes reduction).
- CBD is a vasorelaxant, lowers blood pressure (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma direct action).
- CBD and THCA are anti-spasmodic, reduces muscle spasms.
- CBD is anti-ischemic, reduces strokes (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 1A direct action).
- CBG, CBC, and THCA are anti-proliferative to reduce movement of malignant cells into tissue (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II indirectly causes increase; reactive oxygen species indirectly causes increase; Cannabinoid receptor 2 direct action; Id-1 indirectly causes decrease).
- CBD reduces cancer (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II indirectly causes increase; reactive oxygen species indirectly causes increase; Cannabinoid receptor 2 direct action; Id-1 indirectly causes decrease).
- CBD is anti-emetic, reduces vomiting.
- CBD, CBC, and CBG are anti-bacterial, reduces bacteria.
- CBD is anti-diabetic, reduces diabetes.
- CBD is anti-psoriatic, reduce psoriasis.
- CBD is an intestinal anti-prokinetic, slows emptying of stomach (Ca1 indirectly causes decrease; fatty acid amide hydrolase indirectly causes decrease).
- CBD and CBC are an analgesic, relieves pain (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 direct action).
- CBD, CBG, CBC, THCV, and CBDV are bone stimulants, increases bone growth.
- CBD and CBC are anti-inflammatory, reduces inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha indirectly causes decrease; adenosine uptake indirectly causes decrease).
- CBD is anxiolytic, stops anxiety.
- CBD is an immunosuppressive, reduces immune system (reduces T-cells).
From the same study, specifically about CBD: Evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions of cannabidiol (CBD)…
- CBD suppresses the collagen-type-II-specific proliferation of lymph-node cells from arthritic mice [1].
- CBD suppresses T-cell response and decreases TNF- a release from synovial cells isolated from mouse arthritic knee joints [1]. This finding suggests that the therapeutic action of CBD in arthritis includes the suppression of TNF-a.
- CBD decreases TNF-a production in LPS-treated mice via A2A adenosine receptor activation [16].
- CBD suppresses the production of IL-8 and of the chemokines MIP-1a and MIP-1b in a human B cell line [1].
- CBD inhibits the release of ROS by zymosan-stimulated neutrophils and blocks nitric oxide production by peritoneal macrophages [1].
- CBD increases IL-12 and decreases IL-10 production—in a cannabinoid antagonists-sensitive manner—in murine macrophages [1].
- CBD attenuates—in a cannabinoid antagonists-insensitive manner—phorbol ester/calcium ionophore-stimulated IL-2 production in mouse splenocytes [1].
- CBD inhibits neutrophil migration induced by fMLP by activating a target, distinct from CB1 and CB2 receptors, which is antagonized by the endogenous compound N-arachidonoyl-Lserine [51].
- CBD attenuates serum production of antigen-specific antibodies in ovalbumin-sensitized mice and suppresses T-cell proliferation and the production of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-g by splenocytes [52].
- CBD decreases IFN-g release in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral mononuclear cells [21] and in lymph-node cells [1].
- CBD induces apoptosis in immature and immortalized T-cells, with ROS generation having a pivotal role [53].
Abbreviations: fMLP, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine; IFN-g, interferong; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MIP-1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor a.
From: Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb, Izzo, et al. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Volume 30, Issue 10, 515-527 (2009). Explanations by Richard Rose.